BMW Suspension Systems

[Admin]

• Service training ST056. BMW Suspension Systems. 40 pages. Language - English.

Model: All Production BMW Vehicles
Production: All

After completion of this module you will be able to:
• Understand Basic Alignment Angles
• Understand Suspension Geometry
• Identify BMW Suspension Systems
• Understand Basic Alignment Procedures

Contents:

Purpose of the System .................................................. ...................... 3

Basic Suspension Geometry .................................................. ............. 4
Caster .................................................. .................................................4
Camber .................................................. ...............................................5
Toe .................................................. .................................................. ....6
Steering Roll Radius .................................................. ............................7
Steering Axis Inclination .................................................. ..................... .8
Toe-out on Turns .................................................. .................................9
Geometric Axis .................................................. ...................................10

Suspension Systems .................................................. ..........................11
Single Joint Front Suspension .................................................. .......... ..11
Double Pivot Front Suspension .................................................. .......... 14

Rear Suspension Systems .................................................. ................ 16
Semi-Trailing Arm .................................................. ................................17
Semi-Trailing Arm with “Track Link” .................................................. .....18
Central “C” Link .................................................. ..................................19
Multi-Link Suspensions .................................................. .......................22

Alignment Procedures .................................................. ...................... 28
Vehicle Inspection .................................................. ...............................29
Ride Height Measurement .................................................. ... ...............30
Identification of Suspension .................................................. ....... .........32
Vehicle Loading .................................................. .......................... ........34
Alignment Specifications .................................................. .....................36
Alignment Checklist .................................................. ................... .........38
Alignment Worksheets .................................................. ........................39

Review Questions .................................................. ...............................40

Free download - in attached file.

[Admin]

• Service training ST503. BMW Basic Suspension Geometry. 19 pages. Language - English.

Model: All

After completion of this module you will be able to:
• Understand basic suspension geometry.
• Understand the relationship between alignment angles and ride quality.
• Understand the effect of alignment angles on tire wear.

Contents:

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Alignment Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Caster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Caster Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Camber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Positive Camber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Negative Camber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Toe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Toe Out on Turns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Steering Roll Radius (Steering Offset) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Steering Axis Inclination (SAI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Included Angle (IA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Geometric Axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Thrust Line/Thrust Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Positive Thrust Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Negative Thrust Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Alignment Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Wheelbase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Track Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

Free download - in attached file.